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Language learning via ICT: uses, challenges and issues. The rapid growth and improvement in Information Communication Technology ICT has lead to the diffusion of technology in education. It is believed that ICT would bring many advantages to the … Expand. View 1 excerpt, cites methods. Man is a communication animal. The convergence of Global System Mobile phone GSM communication has shown the readiness of development in the area of telecommunication sector.
It is an indispensable … Expand. View 1 excerpt, cites background. A number of problems are associated with the generation, management and security of PINs, a subset of password. The … Expand.
Related Papers. Abstract Topics 46 Citations Related Papers. Later he designed and built the first browser. Three important aspects of the Web are browsers, websites, and web pages. Browsers—Software for Surfing the Web: A browser, or web browser, is software that enables people to find and access the various parts of the web—to surf the Web.
Surf means to explore the web by using your mouse to move via a series of connected paths, or links, from one location, or website, to another.
Website—The Location on the Computer: A website, or simply site, is a location on a particular computer server on the web that has a unique address. An example of a website called a URL is www. The website is the location of a computer somewhere on the Internet, not necessarily in the offices of the organization using it.
The transition from World Wide Web site to Web site to website has progressed as rapidly as the technology itself. The development of website as a single lowercase word mirrors the development of other technological expressions which have tended to evolve into unhyphenated forms as they become more familiar.
Thus email has recently been gaining ground over the forms E-mail and e-mail, especially in texts that are more technologically oriented. Similarly, there has been an increasing preference for closed forms like homepage, online, and printout. Web Pages—The Documents on a Website: A website is composed of a web page or collection of web pages.
A web page is a document on the World Wide Web that can include text, pictures, sound, and video. The first page on a website is the home page, or welcome page, which identifies the website and contains links to other pages on the site.
Browsers use URLs to find particular web pages. Do not omit it, however, if www. Domain names tell the location and the type of address. Example: www. Some domain names include country designations, such as. Extensions are not always used. Email addresses use the symbol and identify mailbox locations on a server, not websites. A hypertext document uses hypertext markup language HTML , which uses hypertext links, to connect with other documents.
Hypertext Links: Hypertext links hyperlinks are connections to other documents or web pages that contain related information. A word or phrase in one document becomes a connection to a document in a different place.
Hyperlinks appear as underlined or colored words or phrases. When clicked on, they link the user to other web pages.
Additional Information: Hypertext and Hypergraphics The hypertext concept was originally coined by Ted Nelson in the mids as a method for making the computer respond to the way humans think and require information.
Icons and graphic elements of all sizes and shapes can also serve as clickable links but are more accurately called hypergraphics. Thus, hyperlinks are technically either hypertext or hypergraphics.
In practice, the terms hypertext and hyperlink are mostly used, and often synonymously. Using Your Browser to Get around the Web You can find all kinds of things on the web, but it takes a browser and various kinds of search tools to help you get around. Basic Elements of the Browser: The basic elements of a browser are menu bar, toolbar, address URL bar , workspace, and status bar. Clicking the mouse on parts of these elements will produce pull-down menus of other options. You can change the home page on your browser, choosing any page on the web to be your home page.
A good home page offers links to sites frequently visited. Often the Internet access provider will provide its own home page. Back takes you back to the previous page. Forward lets you look again at a page you returned from. Clicking on Home returns you to your home page, where you can start over again. Search displays a directory of search engine sites.
History Lists: The browser also has navigation aids. The history list allows you to quickly return to the pages you have recently visited. Favorites or Bookmarks: Favorites or Bookmarks let you store the URLs of web pages you frequently visit, so you can easily find them again. Click on the radio button. Type text in the text search box. This movement is known as scrolling. A frame is an independently controllable section of a web page. Additional Information: Frame as Data Structure.
A frame is a data structure invented by Marvin Minsky in the s. It refers to the physical layout of data. Data fields, memo fields, fixed length fields, variable length fields, records, word processing documents, spreadsheets, data files, database files and indexes are all examples of data structures. Examples of services are online shopping malls, email support, community forums, current news and weather, stock quotes, travel information, and links to other popular subject categories.
Examples of portals are Yahoo! Wireless portals such as Yahoo! Mobile are designed for web-enabled portable devices. Search services and search engines are two different things. Search Services: Search services are organizations that maintain databases accessible through websites to help users find information on the Internet.
Examples: Parts of portals such as Yahoo! Search Engines: Search services maintain search engines, programs that enable users to ask questions or use keywords to locate information on the web. This method of gathering information has two important implications: 1. In addition, a lot of databases have material that is not publicly available. A lot of material from the s and earlier has never been scanned into databases. Search Engines Differ in What They Cover: Search engines list their results according to some kind of relevance ranking, and different search engines use different ranking schemes.
Another very early search engine, Aliweb, also appeared in One of the first engines to later become a major commercial endeavor was Lycos, which started at Carnegie Mellon University as a research project in Soon after, many search engines appeared and vied for popularity.
In Yahoo! Before the advent of the web, there were search engines for other protocols or uses, such as the Archie search engine for anonymous FTP sites and the Veronica search engine for the Gopher protocol. Osmar R. Its success was based in part on the concept of link popularity and PageRank. How many other web sites and web pages link to a given page is taken into consideration with PageRank, on the premise that good or desirable pages are linked to more than others.
How does PageRank work? There are many types of search tools, but the most popular versions are individual search engines, subject directories, metasearch engines, and specialized search engines. Individual Search Engines: An individual search engine compiles its own searchable database on the web. You search for information by typing one or more keywords, and the search engine then displays a list of web pages, or hits, that contain these keywords, ordered from the most likely to least likely to contain the information you want.
Hits are defined as sites that a search engine returns after running a keyword search. Examples of this kind of search engine are: Ask, Bing, and Yahoo!. Subject Directories: A subject directory is created and maintained by human editors, not electronic spiders. A subject directory allows the user to search by selecting lists of categories or topics.
Examples of subject directories are Beaucoup! Subject directories are best for browsing and for searches of a more general nature. Metasearch Engines: A metasearch engine allows users to search using several search engines simultaneously. Specialized Search Engines: Users can also use specialized search engines, which help locate specialized subject matter such as material about movies, health, and jobs. What do these terms mean: glurge gallery, inboxer rebellion, wooden spoons, rumors of war? To find out, go to: www.
To save time, you should have a strategy when doing a search. Some tips are as follows: 1. In the text, the Practical Action box on page 77 gives some guidelines for online research.
The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, also provides information on this topic. Most web searches involve text, but there other kinds of resources as well. Still Images: Some search indexes deal with images. Examples: Yahoo! Scholarly: Search engines such as Google Scholar search scholarly abstracts, books, white papers, and so on. Users sometimes have so much stuff or unorganized stuff on their hard disks that they lose track of it.
Desktop search engines help them find things. Desktop search allows users to quickly and easily find words and concepts stored on the hard-disk drive, using technology similar to that in web search engines. Free desktop search tools can be downloaded from one of the principal search engine services, often as part of a toolbar.
A toolbar is a bar across the top of the display window on your computer screen, offering frequently executed options or commands. Unlike bookmarks or favorites, these tags can be easily shared with other people, which allows people to share similar interests and ideas. Tags are available through social-bookmarking sites such as delicious. The email software interacts with an email server at your Internet access provider to send and receive email.
Your incoming mail is stored on the server in an electronic mailbox. One advantage of standard email programs is that you can easily integrate your email with other applications, such as calendar, task list, and contact list.
The main advantage of webbased email is that you can easily send and receive messages while traveling anywhere in the world. Examples of webmail carriers are Yahoo!
Note that webmail is not generally as secure as proprietary email programs through paid ISPs. All such addresses follow the same approach: username domain. Example: Joe. Black earthlink. Located after the symbol, it tells the location of the address earthlink. This three-letter extension to the domain name indicates the type of domain e.
Some email addresses also include a two-letter country designation e. Web Exercise: Detailed Tutorial on How Email Works Ask students to browse the following website for a detailed tutorial on how email works:. Type Addresses Carefully: no typos. Addresses must be typed exactly, including capitalization and all underscores and periods.
The address book allows you to organize addresses into various groups, such as your friends, relatives, club members, so you can easily send all members of a group the same message with a single command. Deal with Each Email Only Once: When a message comes in, delete it, respond to it, or file it away in a folder.
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